Course Listing

An introduction to the most important discoveries and intellectual paradigms in computer science, designed for students with little or no previous background. Explores problem-solving and data analysis using the Python programming language; presents an integrated view of computer systems, from switching circuits up through compilers and object-oriented design. Examines theoretical and practical limitations related to unsolvable and intractable computational problems, and the social and ethical dilemmas presented by such issues as software unreliability, algorithmic bias, and invasions of privacy.

Widely applicable mathematical tools for computer science, including topics from logic, set theory, combinatorics, number theory, probability theory, and graph theory. Practice in reasoning formally and proving theorems.

An introduction to computational thinking, useful concepts in the field of computer science, and the art of computer programming using Python. Significant emphasis is placed on class meetings and learning to use computers to solve complex, real-world problems. Concepts and techniques are introduced as they are needed to help solve the problems confronting us. Students will learn how to go from an ambiguous problem description to a running solution and will leave the class knowing how to instruct computers to do what they want them to do. Prior experience in computer science or computer programming is not necessary.

Introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming. This course teaches students how to think algorithmically and solve problems efficiently. Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web programming. Languages include C, Python, and SQL plus HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Problem sets inspired by the arts, humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Course culminates in a final project. Designed for concentrators and non-concentrators alike, with or without prior programming experience. Two thirds of CS50 students have never taken CS before.

Introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming. This course teaches students how to think algorithmically and solve problems efficiently. Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web programming. Languages include C, Python, and SQL plus HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Problem sets inspired by the arts, humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Course culminates in a final project. Designed for concentrators and non-concentrators alike, with or without prior programming experience. Two thirds of CS50 students have never taken CS before.

Introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming. This course teaches students how to think algorithmically and solve problems efficiently. Topics include abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web programming. Languages include C, Python, and SQL plus HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Problem sets inspired by the arts, humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Course culminates in a final project. Designed for concentrators and non-concentrators alike, with or without prior programming experience. Two thirds of CS50 students have never taken CS before.

Fundamental concepts in the design of computer programs, emphasizing the crucial role of abstraction. The goal of the course is to give students insight into the difference between programming and programming well. To emphasize the differing approaches to expressing programming solutions, you will learn to program in a variety of paradigms -- including functional, imperative, and object-oriented. Important ideas from software engineering and models of computation will inform these different views of programming.

Fundamental concepts in the design of computer programs, emphasizing the crucial role of abstraction. The goal of the course is to give students insight into the difference between programming and programming well. To emphasize the differing approaches to expressing programming solutions, you will learn to program in a variety of paradigms -- including functional, imperative, and object-oriented. Important ideas from software engineering and models of computation will inform these different views of programming.

Fundamentals of computer systems programming, machine organization, and performance tuning. This course provides a solid background in systems programming and a deep understanding of low-level machine organization and design. Topics include C and assembly language programming, program optimization, memory hierarchy and caching, virtual memory and dynamic memory management, concurrency, threads, and synchronization.

Supervised individual study of advanced topics in computer science. A student wishing to enroll in Computer Science 91r must be accepted by a faculty member who will supervise the course work. Additional information and a form are available via https://harvardcs.info/forms/#cs-91r-form. The form must be filled out and signed by the student and faculty supervisor. Students writing theses may enroll in this course while conducting thesis research and writing.

Supervised individual study of advanced topics in computer science. A student wishing to enroll in Computer Science 91r must be accepted by a faculty member who will supervise the course work. Additional information and a form are available via https://harvardcs.info/forms/#cs-91r-form. The form must be filled out and signed by the student and faculty supervisor. Students writing theses may enroll in this course while conducting thesis research and writing.

Student teams will work with real partner organizations to use machine learning techniques on a directly impactful project.Students will learn how to effectively explore data, create and iterate on real models, communicate and work with external partners, and incorporate ethics into their technical work. The class will include guest lectures from experts in various fields of the social impact tech space.

What is privacy, and how is it affected by recent developments in technology? This course critically examines popular concepts of privacy and uses a rigorous analysis of technologies to understand the policy and ethical issues at play. Case studies: database anonymity, research ethics, wiretapping, surveillance, and others. Course relies on some technical material, but is open and accessible to all students, especially those with interest in economics, engineering, political science, computer science, sociology, biology, law, government, philosophy.

This is a project-based course emphasizing designing, building, testing, maintaining and modifying software for scientific computing and data sciences. Students will work in groups on a number of projects, ranging from small data-transformation utilities to large-scale systems. Students will learn to use a variety of tools and languages, as well as various techniques for organizing teams. Most important, students will learn to adapt basic tools and approaches to solve computational problems in academic or industrial environments.

Data Science 1 is the first half of a one-year introduction to data science. The course will focus on the analysis of messy, real life data to perform predictions using statistical and machine learning methods. Material covered will integrate the five key facets of an investigation using data: (1) data collection - data wrangling, cleaning, and sampling to get a suitable data set;  (2) data management - accessing data quickly and reliably; (3) exploratory data analysis – generating hypotheses and building intuition; (4) prediction or statistical learning; and (5) communication – summarizing results through visualization, stories, and interpretable summaries. Part one of a two part series. The curriculum for this course builds throughout the academic year. Students are strongly encouraged to enroll in both the fall and spring course within the same academic year.

Data Science 2 is the second half of a one-year introduction to data science. Building upon the material in Data Science 1, the course introduces advanced methods for data wrangling, data visualization, and statistical modeling and prediction. Topics include big data and database management, interactive visualizations, nonlinear statistical models, and deep learning. Part two of a two part series. The curriculum for this course builds throughout the academic year. Students are strongly encouraged to enroll in both the fall and spring course within the same academic year.

An introductory course in theoretical computer science, aimed at giving students the power of using mathematical abstraction and rigorous proof to understand computation. Thus equipped, students will be able to design and use algorithms that apply to a wide variety of computational problems, with confidence about their correctness and efficiency, as well as recognize when a problem may have no algorithmic solution. At the same time, they will gain an appreciation for the beautiful mathematical theory of computation that is independent of (indeed, predates) the technology on which it is implemented.

Computation occurs over a variety of substrates including silicon, neurons, DNA, the stock market, bee colonies and many others. In this course we will study the fundamental capabilities and limitations of computation, including the phenomenon of universality and the duality of code and data. Some of the questions we will touch upon include: Are there functions that cannot be computed? Are there true mathematical statements that can't be proven? Are there encryption schemes that can't be broken? Is randomness ever useful for computing? Can we use the quirks of quantum mechanics to speed up computation?

Design and analysis of efficient algorithms and data structures. Algorithm design methods, graph algorithms, approximation algorithms, and randomized algorithms are covered.

Cryptography is as old as human communication itself, but has undergone a revolution in the last few decades. It is now about much more than "secret writing" and includes seemingly paradoxical notions such as communicating securely without a shared secret, and computing on encrypted data. In this challenging but rewarding course we will start from the basics of private and public key cryptography and go all the way up to advanced notions such as fully homomorphic encryption and software obfuscation. This is a proof-based course that will be best appreciated by mathematically mature students.

The interplay between economic thinking and computational thinking as it relates to electronic commerce, social networks, collective intelligence and networked systems. Topics covered include: game theory, peer production, reputation and recommender systems, prediction markets, crowd sourcing, network influence and dynamics, auctions and mechanisms, privacy and security, matching and allocation problems, computational social choice and behavioral game theory. Emphasis will be given to core methodologies, with students engaged in theoretical, computational and empirical exercises.

This course introduces fundamentals in designing and building modern information devices and systems that interface with the real world. It focuses on digital devices and systems, and it complements ENG-SCI 152, which focuses on devices and systems that use analog electronics. Topics include: combinational and sequential logic; computer architecture; machine code; and altogether the infrastructure and computational framework composing a MIPS processor. Consideration is given in design to interactions between hardware and software systems. Students will design application specific hardware for an embedded system.

Presentation of concepts and techniques for the design and fabrication of VLSI systems and digital MOS integrated circuits. Topics include: basic semiconductor theory; MOS transistors and digital MOS circuits design; synchronous machines, clocking, and timing issues; high-level description and modeling of VLSI systems; synthesis and place and route design flows; and testing of VLSI circuits and systems. Various CAD tools for design, simulation, and verification are extensively used.

Comprehensive introduction to the principal features and overall design of both traditional and modern programming languages, including syntax, formal semantics, abstraction mechanisms, modularity, type systems, naming, polymorphism, closures, continuations, and concurrency. Provides the intellectual tools needed to design, evaluate, choose, and use programming languages.

Implementation of efficient interpreters and compilers for programming languages. Associated algorithms and pragmatic issues. Emphasizes practical applications including those outside of programming languages proper. Also shows relationships to programming-language theory and design. Participants build a working compiler including lexical analysis, parsing, type checking, code generation, and register allocation. Exposure to run-time issues and optimization.

This course focuses on the design and implementation of modern operating systems. The course discusses threads, processes, virtual memory, schedulers, and the other fundamental primitives that an OS uses to represent active computations. An exploration of the system call interface explains how applications interact with hardware and other programs which are concurrently executing. Case studies of popular file systems reveal how an OS makes IO efficient and robust in the midst of crashes and unexpected reboots. Students also learn how virtualization allows a physical machine to partition its resources across multiple virtual machines. Class topics are reinforced through a series of intensive programming assignments which use a real operating system.

We are in the big data era and data systems sit in the critical path of everything we do. We are going through major transformations in businesses, sciences, as well as everyday life - collecting and analyzing data changes everything and data systems provide the means to store and analyze a massive amount of data. This course is a comprehensive introduction to modern data systems. The primary focus of the course is on the modern trends that are shaping the data management industry right now: column-store and hybrid systems, shared nothing architectures, cache conscious algorithms, hardware/software co-design, main-memory systems, adaptive indexing, stream processing, scientific data management, and key-value stores. We also study the history of data systems, traditional and seminal concepts and ideas such as the relational model, row-store database systems, optimization, indexing, concurrency control, recovery and SQL. In this way, we discuss both how and why data systems evolved over the years, as well as how these concepts apply today and how data systems might evolve in the future. We focus on understanding concepts and trends rather than specific techniques that will soon be outdated - as such the class relies largely on recent research material and on a semi-flipped class model with a lot of hands-on interaction in each class.

An introduction to key design principles and techniques for visualizing data. Covers design practices, data and image models, visual perception, interaction principles, visualization tools, and applications. Introduces programming of web-based interactive visualizations.

This course covers the fundamentals of 3D computer graphics using a modern shader-based version of OpenGL. Main topics include: geometric coordinate systems and transformations, keyframe animation and interpolation, camera simulation, triangle rasterization, material simulation, texture mapping, image sampling and color theory. The course also touches on ray tracing, geometric modeling and simulation-based animation.

The course covers skills and techniques necessary to design innovative interactive products that are useful, usable and that address important needs of people other than yourself. You will learn how to uncover needs that your customers cannot even articulate. You will also learn a range of design principles, effective creativity-related practices, and techniques for rapidly creating and evaluating product prototypes. You will also have several opportunities to formally communicate your design ideas to a variety of audiences. You will complete two large team-based design projects.

Introduction to machine learning, providing a probabilistic view on artificial intelligence and reasoning under uncertainty. Topics include: supervised learning, ensemble methods and boosting, neural networks, support vector machines, kernel methods, clustering and unsupervised learning, maximum likelihood, graphical models, hidden Markov models, inference methods, and computational learning theory. Students should feel comfortable with multivariate calculus, linear algebra, probability theory, and complexity theory. Students will be required to produce non-trivial programs in Python.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already making a powerful impact on modern technology, and is expected to be even more transformative in the near future. The course introduces the ideas and techniques underlying this exciting field, with the goal of teaching students to identify effective representations and approaches for a wide variety of computational tasks. Topics covered in this course are broadly divided into problem solving, multi-agent systems, reasoning with uncertainty, and machine learning. Special attention is given to ethical considerations in AI and to applications that benefit society. For more information please see the course website.

Natural-language-processing applications are ubiquitous: Alexa can set a reminder if you ask; Google Translate can make emails readable across languages; Watson outplays world Jeopardy champions; Grover can generate fake news, and recognize it as well. How do such systems work? This course provides an introduction to the field of computational linguistics, the study of human language using the tools and techniques of computer science, with applications to a variety of natural-language-processing problems such as these. You will work with ideas from linguistics, statistical modeling, and machine learning, with emphasis on their application, limitations, and implications. The course is lab- and project-based, primarily in small teams, and culminates in the building and testing of a question-answering system.

Papers every computer scientist should have read, from all areas of the field and dating from its origins to the present.

With manufacturing processes reaching the limits in terms of transistor density on today’s computing architectures, efficient utilization of computing resources must exploit parallel execution to maintain scaling. The use of computers in academia, industry and society is a fundamental tool for (scientific) solving problems while the "think parallel" mindset of code developers is still lagging behind. The aim of this class is to introduce the student to the fundamentals of parallel programming and its relationship on computer architectures by introducing techniques to analyze performance and scaling of parallel applications. Various forms of parallelism are discussed and exploited through different programming models with focus on shared and distributed memory programming. The course is application oriented and includes a group project where students will apply topics discussed in class to a real application.

The risks to privacy when making human subjects data available for research and how to protect against these risks using the formal framework of differential privacy. Methods for attacking statistical data releases, the mathematics of and software implementations of differential privacy, deployed solutions in industry and government. Assignments will include implementation and experimentation on data science tasks.

Topics from the literature on theoretical computer science addressing technical problems of societal concern. Foci for 2021-2022: Algorithmic Fairness and Statistical Validity in Adaptive (Exploratory) Data Analysis.

Cryptography is as old as human communication itself, but has undergone a revolution in the last few decades. It is now about much more than "secret writing" and includes seemingly paradoxical notions such as communicating securely without a shared secret, and computing on encrypted data. In this challenging but rewarding course we will start from the basics of private and public key cryptography and go all the way up to advanced notions such as fully homomorphic encryption and software obfuscation. This is a proof-based course that will be best appreciated by mathematically mature students.

Possibilities of and limitations to performing learning by a computational process. Computationally feasible generalization and its limits. Topics include computational models of learning, polynomial time learnability, learning from examples and from queries to oracles. Applications to Boolean functions, languages and geometric functions. Darwinian evolution as learning.

An introduction to the quantum view on a variety of disciplines: algorithms, complexity, cryptography and information. Course will elucidate the source of quantum advantage in computation, ties of quantum computation with physics, and the power of entanglement.

The course examines the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of democracy, running the gamut from theory to applications. The goal is to provide students with a rigorous perspective on, and a technical toolbox for, the design of better democratic systems. Topics include computational social choice (identifying optimal voting rules), fair division with applications to political redistricting (avoiding gerrymandering) and apportionment (allocating seats on a representative body), sortition (randomly selecting citizens' assemblies), liquid democracy (transitively delegating votes), and weighted voting games (analyzing legislative power through cooperative game theory).

Scaling computation over parallel and distributed computing systems is a rapidly advancing area of research receiving high levels of interest from both academia and industry. The objective can be for high-­‐performance computing and energy-­‐efficient computing (“green” data center servers as well as small embedded devices). In this course, students will learn principled methods of mapping prototypical computations used in machine learning, the Internet of Things, and scientific computing onto parallel and distributed compute nodes of various forms. These techniques will lay the foundation for future computational libraries and packages for both high-­‐performance computing and energy-­‐efficient devices. To master the subject, students will need to appreciate the close interactions between computational algorithms, software abstractions, and computer organizations. After having successfully taken this course, students will acquire an integrated understanding of these issues. The class will be organized into the following modules: Big picture: use of parallel and distributed computing to achieve high performance and energy efficiency; End-­‐to-­‐end example 1: mapping nearest neighbor computation onto parallel computing units in the forms of CPU, GPU, ASIC and FPGA; Communication and I/O: latency hiding with prediction, computational intensity, lower bounds; Computer architectures and implications to computing: multi-­‐cores, CPU, GPU, clusters, accelerators, and virtualization; End-­‐to-­‐end example 2: mapping convolutional neural networks onto parallel computing units in the forms of CPU, GPU, ASIC, FPGA and clusters; Great inner loops and parallelization for feature extraction, data clustering and dimension reduction: PCA, random projection, clustering (K-­‐means, GMM-­‐EM), sparse coding (K-­‐SVD), compressive sensing, FFT, etc.; Software abstractions and programming models: MapReduce (PageRank, etc.), GraphX/Apache Spark, OpenCL and TensorFlow; Advanced topics: autotuning and neuromorphic spike-­‐based computing.  Students will learn the subject through lectures/quizzes, programming assignments, labs, research paper presentations, and a final project.  Students will have latitude in choosing a final project they are passionate about. They will formulate their projects early in the course, so there will be sufficient time for discussion and iterations with the teaching staff, as well as for system design and implementation. Industry partners will support the course by giving guest lectures and providing resources.  The course will use server clusters at Harvard as well as external resources in the cloud. In addition, labs will have access to state-­‐of-­‐the-­‐art IoT devices and 3D cameras for data acquisition. Students will use open source tools and libraries and apply them to data analysis, modeling, and visualization problems.

Presentation of concepts and techniques for the design and fabrication of VLSI systems and digital MOS integrated circuits. Topics include: basic semiconductor theory; MOS transistors and digital MOS circuits design; synchronous machines, clocking, and timing issues; high-level description and modeling of VLSI systems; synthesis and place and route design flows; and testing of VLSI circuits and systems. Various CAD tools for design, simulation, and verification are extensively used.

The contents and course requirements are similar to those of Computer Science 148, with the exception that students enrolled in Computer Science 248 are expected to do a substantial design project and paper discussions on advanced topics.

Seminar course exploring recent research in programming languages. Topics vary from year to year. Students typically read and present research papers, undertake a research project.

Modern software systems construction and analysis. Distributed systems; operating systems; networks; data centers; big data; emerging systems deployments. Close, careful reading of research papers and code, coupled with programming projects. Readability and programmability. Topic focus will change each offering. May be repeated for credit with instructor permission.

This course explores practical attacks on modern computer systems, explaining how those attacks can be mitigated using careful system design and the judicious application of cryptography. The course discusses topics like buffer overflows, web security, information flow control, and anonymous communication mechanisms such as Tor. The course includes several small projects which give students hands-on experience with various offensive and defensive techniques; the final, larger project is open-ended and driven by student interests.

This course covers advanced topics in data visualization. Over the course of the semester, we will examine seminal works and recent state-of-the-art research in information visualization, scientific visualization and visual analytics. Students will work on a semester-long visualization project that will allow them to visualize their own data sets and write a short paper about their project. We will employ peer-feedback and formal design critiques to analyze each other's work.

This course is focused on adaptive methods in machine learning. The standard paradigm in machine learning assumes there is a training set of labeled examples and the goal is to learn a prediction rule that can be used on new examples. This course covers methods where the goal is to perform an adaptive search over existing models to identify a strategy that performs well. The course covers the two paradigms of pure exploration and regret minimization. These two paradigms belong to the more general framework of reinforcement learning. We will study some high-level concepts of reinforcement learning and cover additional models as time permits (e.g., Markov decision processes, Monte Carlo tree search). The course is a seminar and includes presentation of research papers by students. Students will be primarily evaluated through their presentations, assignments, and a final project.

Generative models are attractive ways to summarize structure in data because they tell stories of how the data came to be. For example, a generative model of a disease might say the disease comes in two variants, each with its own distribution of infectiveness that governs the spread we see in the data. In general, however, we may not be able to model all of the patterns in the data. In this case, we will have to choose which patterns to model, and how faithfully. How do we decide what stays and what goes? In this course, we will examine a class of techniques for task-focused generative models and inference, which determine these trade-offs based on some knowledge of what the model may be used for in future (e.g. with patterns are most important to model to make a treatment decision).

We will begin with basic generative models and inference, and then dive into task-focused approaches via readings, coding assignments, and a final project. Along the way, we'll learn what works when, and where the research questions are.

 

This course provides broad exposure to a diverse set of active research topics in machine learning. We will discuss recent papers across a range of advanced subjects (Probabilistic Machine Learning, ML Applications in Science, and Causality) that are the current research interests of the instructors.Students can select one of these subjects to explore in-depth in the form of a course project. After the first lecture, each week two students will lead the discussion of the papers chosen for that week. Ideally the presentations will motivate the area, put the work in context, and describe the innovations from the papers. Then we will discuss the work as a group. One instructor will help facilitate the discussion and provide guidance about the content of the presentations.
 

Vision as an ill-posed inverse problem: image formation, two-dimensional signal processing; feature analysis; image segmentation; color, texture, and shading; multiple-view geometry; object and scene recognition; and applications.

The ability to connect devices over long distances, via the internet, changed our world.  The second phase of this revolution, that we are still living in today, came about when these devices became wireless.  Now we are at the cusp of a new phase of this evolution where devices are connected, wireless, and controlled – i.e. the robot revolution.

Multi-robot systems are becoming more pervasive; from future autonomous vehicle fleets, to drones, to manufacturing robots.  As a result, the question of how to control, coordinate, and secure these systems has been a growing topic in the robotics literature in recent years.  In this seminar-style course we will do a deep dive into this topic by reviewing classic and recent results in multi-agent planning and control literature.  We will cover a wide gamut of applications from control of groups of flying drones, to decision making in autonomous car networks, to space exploring CubeSats.

This class will treat both the theory and the practical applications behind multi-robot systems. Students with mathematical inclinations and exposure to graph theory, probability theory, linear algebra, and algorithms will derive the most benefit from this course.

How can computers understand and leverage text data and human language? Natural language processing (NLP) addresses this question, and in this course students study the current, best approaches to it. No prior NLP experience is needed, but it is welcomed. This course provides students with a foundation of advanced concepts and requires students to conduct significant research on an NLP topic of their choosing. The aim is to produce a short paper worthy of submitting to an NLP conference. Assessment also includes pop quizzes, homework assignments, and an exam. The course starts with language representations and modelling, followed by machine translation (converting text from one language to another). Next, students learn about transformers (e.g., BERT and GPT-2), which are incredibly powerful deep learning models that currently yield state-of-the-art results in nearly every NLP task. We end the semester by covering tasks concerning bias and fairness, adversarial approaches, coreference resolution, and commonsense reasoning.

Surveys biologically-inspired approaches to designing distributed systems. Focus is on biological models, algorithms, and programming paradigms for self-organization. Topics vary year to year, and usually include: (1) swarm intelligence: social insects and animal groups, with applications to networking and robotics, (2) cellular computing: including cellular automata/amorphous computing, and applications like self-assembling robots and programmable materials, (3) evolutionary computation and its application to optimization and design.

This course is designed for entering computer science Ph.D. students. The goals of the course are three-fold: (1) to introduce students to research around the CS area, (2) skills building, and (3) cohort building. We will lead sessions on skill building (paper reading, presentation, meaning of research) and soft skill building (advising relationships, academic culture, mental health, supporting your peers), as well as research and professional oriented discussions with a broad mixture of CS faculty members. We will also “visit” and discuss one or two CS colloquia. This is a full-year, 4-unit course, meeting once a week in each of the fall and the spring. Students must complete both terms of this course (parts A and B) within the same academic year to receive credit.

This course is designed for entering computer science Ph.D. students. The goals of the course are three-fold: (1) to introduce students to research around the CS area, (2) skills building, and (3) cohort building. We will lead sessions on skill building (paper reading, presentation, meaning of research) and soft skill building (advising relationships, academic culture, mental health, supporting your peers), as well as research and professional oriented discussions with a broad mixture of CS faculty members. We will also “visit” and discuss one or two CS colloquia. This is a full-year, 4-unit course, meeting once a week in each of the fall and the spring. Students must complete both terms of this course (parts A and B) within the same academic year to receive credit.

Supervision of experimental or theoretical research on acceptable problems in computer science and supervision of reading on topics not covered by regular courses of instruction.

Supervision of experimental or theoretical research on acceptable problems in computer science and supervision of reading on topics not covered by regular courses of instruction.